Classical period
Archaeological studies have found that early in the early 1200 classical period, people have begun to use natural asphalt, in the production of weapons and tools with asphalt as an ornament, to add color to the carving. Especially in the Mesopotamia area, due to the abundant natural asphalt content, asphalt is widely used. Outside living there Sumerians used natural asphalt covered in vessels and ships. In addition, they have begun to use natural asphalt as binder in clay bricks.
This is a gorgeous road in Babylon section of the sketch map. Burnt brick by painting over the top of the pitch, Shi Banping on the pitch on the surface. This gorgeous road can be regarded as a pioneer of modern asphalt concrete road. In the thousand years of time, the scope of application of asphalt has been expanded, so that in near Mesopotamia, India and Europe, natural asphalt as sealing material for baths, boats, drains, toilets and riverbank. In the seventh century BC, the Babylon Empire, the Empire of Assyria, asphalt has been put into use in road engineering. At that time, asphalt as the joint material and apply materials to decorate and reinforce the road. Since then, asphalt was used as cement as a binding agent for the construction of the Great Wall and Hanging Gardens of Babylon in China.
Rome empire period, the asphalt is called "" (Iudaicum Judenpech, Bitumen). In 100 B. C., Pompeii's Rome Avenue was filled with asphalt and coated with an outer layer of asphalt.
the medieval times
After the decline of the Empire of Rome, the medieval period began. During this period, the asphalt lost its once brilliant. Over the past one thousand years, the accumulated experience of the use of asphalt has almost lost, until eighteenth Century, people began to re start learning to use asphalt. The Arabs began to extract bitumen (Bitumen) from natural asphalt (Naturasphalt) in the 1000 B. c.. The method is to heat the natural asphalt (Naturasphalt) until the asphalt (Bitumen) is separated from the medium. And as a building material, in fifteenth Century in central and South America of the Inca Empire, the asphalt used for medical use. In March 22, 1595, Raleigh Walter discovered a natural asphalt lake on the expedition to Trinidad. Until today, people still use this kind of asphalt from the ground up.
Near modern
D'Eyriny Eirini wrote in 1721 on the cover of the doctoral thesis in 1712, the Greek doctor d'Eyriny Eirini in Switzerland, de Travers Val found a huge asphalt mine. At first, he was interested in the medicinal use of asphalt. But because the asphalt as the good characteristics of engineering materials, he finally in 1721 wrote his paper "on the asphalt, the" (dissertation sur L'Asphalte ov CIMENT Naturel) and began to lay the foundation for the study of modern asphalt technology. After three hundred years (1712 -1986), I do not know how many asphalt through the de Travers Val in the total length of more than 100 km of the tunnel, such as maze, was mined and sold around the world.
In the next period of time, the rich and varied use of asphalt was expanded to the seal of the roof waterproof layer. At that time, it was very expensive to reinforce the pavement with asphalt, so that only the rich private roads could be used to reinforce the pavement. The asphalt is first used in the bridge is used for asphalt pavement mounted on a wooden bridge on the Sunderland.
In 1810, in Lyon, the asphalt layer is the first use of MATI pawnshop. After ten years of development in Genoa by using the modern asphalt felt and the predecessor of success. Based on a wide range of attempts, in 1837, the asphalt technology was proven to be used in highway engineering. 1839 in Vienna, the capital of Austria, found that the use of re heating can be used to make asphalt.
The first road to be paved with asphalt in Hamburg, 1838. In 1851, a 78 meter long section of the road from Travers to Paris was paved with asphalt. Almost 20 years later, Paris was almost completely covered with asphalt, and soon after that, it developed into almost all of Europe's big cities.
Subsequently, invented the tenacity of asphalt Ma Ti fat; in 1842 in Innsbruck, Austria, pouring asphalt was invented and soon after the successful application in the construction of road engineering. Based on the characteristics of asphalt concrete, the concept of asphalt concrete was put forward in 1853 by L Malo on. In order to get enough compression ratio, in 1876, people began to use the method of rolling compaction of asphalt concrete.
At the beginning of twentieth Century, with the continuous decline in the price of the material, the asphalt showed more meaning. In 1907, the first asphalt mixture was put into use in the United States. 1914, in order to get a better refractive index, people in Berlin for the first time to see the asphalt pavement of the car lane,
Followed by the application of asphalt in road engineering, 1923, asphalt used in the seal of the dam. In order to speed up the construction progress and improvement of components, in 1924 in California, the United States carried out the first road completion acceptance test. In order to determine the quality of building materials, many test procedures have been developed in the next few years. These procedures until today is still effective in the use of traffic engineering research, design and construction of which. 1936 developed ring und Kugel-Versuch, a year after the invention of the Brechpunkt nach Fraa beta, invented the Marshall test (Marshall-Test) in 1941.
Through special additives, in 1950, the construction of asphalt in low temperature condition became possible (known as Leng Liqing). In order to determine the appropriate thickness of the asphalt structure, in 1959, the development of the Austria through